This comment concerns the re-evaluation of the use of wood rosin glyceryl esters (GEWR, E 445) as a food additive. For GEWR from marsh pine and slash pine, based on the overall toxicity database and in view of the lack of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, the panel concluded that the current acceptable daily intake (ADI) is 12.5 Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) GEWR (E 445) mg/kg body weight per day (bw) was established in 1994 and should be provisional until such data are available. This evaluation is limited to GEWR derived from bog pine (longleaf pine) and slash pine (slash pine) whose chemical composition is consistent with the GEWR used in toxicology testing. The panel concluded that neither the mean exposure level (P95) nor the high exposure level (P95) of the brand loyalty refined exposure scenario exceeded the provisional ADI in any population reporting the use of GEWR (E 445) as a food additive. Usage level. For GEWR derived from pine and lodgepole pine, the panel noted that the concentrations of the components "monoglycerides", "free resin acids" and "neutral substances" considered to be of special toxicological relevance are not known; therefore, it is not possible to Evaluating the chemical equivalence of GEWR derived from P. palustris (longleaf pine) and P. elliottii (slash pine); No stability data available; No toxicological data available. Therefore, the panel concluded that a safety assessment of GEWR from P. halepensis and P. brutia could not be conducted. The expert group recommends that the European Commission consider updating the definition of GEWR (E 445) in EU regulations. It should be noted that GEWR (E 445) (i) contains residual fractions of monoglycerides in addition to the above mentioned diglycerides and triglycerides, and (ii) contains residual free resin acids and neutral substances (non-acidic other Saponifiable and unsaponifiable substances of ester of rosin

According to Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/1012 and JECFA Specification (2006), GEWR (E 445) is a complex mixture of "triglycerides and diglycerides of resinates" extracted from wood rosin and aged by solvent extraction. Pine stumps are then subjected to a liquid-liquid solvent refining process. This additive definition excludes substances derived from rosin (the exudate of live pine trees) and substances derived from tall oil rosin (a by-product of kraft (paper) pulp processing). Raw Material 3 Wood rosin is composed of approximately 90% resin acids and 10% neutral substances (non-acidic compounds). Its resin acid part is a complex mixture of isomeric diterpene monocarboxylic acids, its empirical molecular formula is C20H30O2, mainly abietic acid. The esterification product is purified by stripping or countercurrent steam distillation.